Analisis Fiqh Muamalah Terhadap Praktik Monopoli Dalam Ekonomi Digital Perspektif Maqashid Syariah

Abstract

The rapid growth of the digital economy has reshaped market competition through the extensive use of digital technology, data, and online platforms. While these developments have created new business opportunities, they have also increased the potential for market concentration and monopolistic behavior. This article examined monopoly practices in the digital economy from the perspectives of fiqh muamalah and maqashid sharia. Its originality lay in combining the principles of fiqh muamalah with the objectives of maqashid sharia as an analytical framework for assessing monopoly issues in contemporary digital markets. The study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach based on library research. Relevant data were gathered from academic journals, books, regulations, and other scholarly sources discussing monopoly, digital economy, fiqh muamalah, and maqashid sharia. The analysis was conducted through data reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The study found that monopoly practices in the digital economy were reflected not only in market dominance but also in the control of user data, algorithms, technological infrastructure, and network effects that strengthened the position of major digital platforms. Such practices included self-preferencing, tying and bundling strategies, algorithm-driven pricing, and barriers to market entry. From the perspective of fiqh muamalah, these practices were considered problematic when they limited fair competition and harmed public interests. In maqashid sharia, exploitative monopoly practices were viewed as inconsistent with the objectives of protecting wealth (hifz al-mal) and promoting public welfare (maslahah). These findings suggested that maqashid sharia could provide an ethical and normative basis for strengthening competition policies in the digital economy.